PHP Regular Expressions

I just created my first regular expression match using preg_match as I continue to work on my personal photography gallery application. My goal was to search a result for a character, in this case the forward slash (i.e. /), and fill a variable based on the result. On my details page, I wanted to check the shutter speed field in my recordset to see if the photo's speed was inputted into the record as a fraction of a second or in whole seconds. Then, based on what was in the field I'd generate a variable with text reading "th of a second" or "seconds" in the commentary paragraph on the details page.

This is a good little tutorial page I found on php regular expressions.

//checks to see if shutter speed is recorded as fraction or in full seconds

if (preg_match("%/%",$query['speed'])){$ss_terminology='th of a second';} else
{ $ss_terminology=' seconds';}

UPDATE 1/6/07!!

I needed to use preg_match on my search gallery page to add a wildcard asterick * to the end of a passed search term if someone might type "tn_filename" in the search field looking for an image they came across via the Google image search. I was running into some difficulty which prompted me to post in the PHP Freaks forum. It turns out I wasn't including delimiters!

if (preg_match("^tn%",$myword)) { do something...

should be this:

if (preg_match("/^tn%/",$myword)) { do something...

or

if (strpos($myword,"tn")===0) { do something...

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Recordsets, Functions, and Arrays... Oh My!

I just fumbled my way through a very difficult programming stretch over the past 18+ hours or so. I set out to do what I thought would be a fairly simple operation, but the process turned out to be much more demanding and ended up testing my resolve in more ways than one. On a positive note, I learned a bit more about functions and arrays and should be better prepared in future projects now that I understand how these "prickly pears" are implemented. I've used arrays and functions many times before in my projects but in all honesty I never really needed to know exactly how they worked... until NOW!

All I hoped to accomplish was to separate values from a returned query or row from my database into a comma separated list. Seems simple, right? Well...

I discovered early on that I didn't fully understand arrays including how to print or show the actual values found in an array. Shockingly, I was trying stupid stuff like this:

$array = mysql_fetch_array($Recordset1);
echo ($array);

and kept getting the word Array returned. I finally stumbled across the correct way to accomplish this which is to use the print_r($array) function to print and see what the hell is actually IN my array!

Anyway, my over-reaching goal was to pull a record (row) from my MySQL database and print just the NON-NULL field values from record into a comma-separated list which would have the final two elements separated by the word 'and'. I played around with implode, preg, explode, strip, etc. but couldn't seem to get the appropriate combination.

The following threaded discussions and postings helped me "cobble out" my solution:
Array Functions: http://us3.php.net/array
More on Array Functions: http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ref_mysql.asp

http://us2.php.net/implode
http://us3.php.net/manual/en/function.explode.php
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/php-general/3226541

The first thing I needed to do was get the results of my recordset into a variable that I could then in turn, turn into an array. To my surprise, neither of these actions worked:

$variable = mysql_fetch_array($Recordset1);
$variable = mysql_result($Recordset1);

I'm not sure what was happening, but the variable contained Resource, id and #5. What the f#@& was this?!?

So, I tried:
$variable = ($row_Recordset1['field_1'] . " " . $row_Recordset1['field_2'] . " " . $row_Recordset1['field_3'] ... etc.
);

and it worked. Not very elegant (I’m sure there’s a better way) but it was my first hurdle cleared.

This inputted EVERY field into my array, even the fields that were NULL. So the next thing I needed to do was clear out the NULL values. I found this little function which did exactly that:

function cleanArray($array) {
foreach ($array as $index => $value) {
if (empty($value)) unset($array[$index]);
}
return $array;
}

But, how to use it? I thought I could just replace $array with $category_array in the function and I’d be good to go. No. That’s not how functions work. In reality, the $array variable is a placeholder for whatever the actual variable is that you’re using against the function. So, you need to call the cleaning function in relative relation to your array and then dump the whole thing into a NEW variable:

$category_clean = cleanArray($category_array);

whew. Okay. The final step was to take this $category_clean variable, count the values left after the cleaning, and then insert the appropriate number of commas AND add the “and” between the last two elements of the list:

$final_category_list = "";
$size = count( $category_clean );
$i = 0;
foreach ( $category_clean as $item ) {
$final_category_list .= $item;
$i++;
if ( $i < $size - 1) $final_category_list .= ", ";
elseif ( $i == $size - 1) $final_category_list .=" and ";
}

echo $final_category_list;


Here is the final product used on the details.php page of my photo gallery. The categories listed in the description are a result of all this work! Upon further reflection, I don't think it was really worth all the trouble. ;-)